Imvelaphi yoMnyhadala waMaphakathi ekwindla: Uhambo lokutyhubela ixesha kunye neSiko

UMnyhadala wase-Mid-Autumn, okwaziwa ngokuba nguMnyhadala weNyanga okanye uMnyhadala we-Mooncake, yenye yezona holide zibalulekileyo nezibhiyozelwa ngokubanzi kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zase-Asia. Lo mbhiyozo, owela ngomhla we-15 kwinyanga yesi-8 kwikhalenda yenyanga, lixesha lokuhlanganisana kweentsapho, ukujonga inyanga, nokuziyolisa ngeemoncakes ezimnandi. Kodwa ngaphaya kwemibhiyozo yale mihla kukho imbali etyebileyo yembali, intsomi nentsingiselo yenkcubeko eyaqala emva kumawaka eminyaka. Eli nqaku lijonga imvelaphi yoMnyhadala waseMbindi-Ekwindla, liphonononga iingcambu zawo zembali, amabali asentsomini, kunye nokuvela kwamasiko nezithethe zawo.

Iingcambu zeMbali

UMnyhadala wase-Mid-Autumn unemvelaphi kwi-China yakudala, kunye nembali yawo isukela emva kwiminyaka engama-3,000 ukuya kuBukhosi buka-Shang (1600-1046 BCE). Ekuqaleni, yayilixesha lokunqulwa kwenyanga nokubhiyozelwa kwesivuno. AmaTshayina amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba inyanga yayiyeyona iqaqambile kwaye ingqukuva ngolu suku, ifuzisela umanyano nokuphelela. Le nkolelo yayinxibelelene ngokusondeleyo noqheliselo lwezolimo, njengoko lo mbhiyozo wawuphawula ukuphela kwesivuno sasekwindla xa abalimi babehlanganisana ukuze babulele ngentabalala yezityalo.

Ngexesha le-Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE), umthendeleko waba semthethweni ngakumbi, kunye nezithethe kunye nemikhosi enikezelwe enyangeni. Umlawuli wayenikela amadini enyangeni, ethandazela isivuno esihle nenkqubela kolo hlanga. Olu qheliselo lokunqulwa kwenyanga lwaqhubeka lukhula ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, lusiba lwendele ngakumbi kwinkcubeko nakwibutho labantu baseTshayina.

Amabali asentsomini

UMnyhadala waseMbindi-Ekwindla ugcwele intsomi, unamabali aliqela anegalelo kwilifa lenkcubeko yawo etyebileyo. Phakathi kwezona zidumileyo libali likaChang'e, uthixokazi weNyanga.

Ibali leChang'e

Ngokutsho kwentsomi, kwakha kwakho ilanga elilishumi esibhakabhakeni, eligqatsa umhlaba yaye libangela ukubandezeleka okukhulu. Umtoli oligorha ogama linguHou Yi wadubula ilanga elithoba, eshiya enye kuphela ukunika ukukhanya kunye nokufudumala. Njengomvuzo wobukroti bakhe, uHou Yi wanikwa i-elixir yokungafi. Nangona kunjalo, akazange afune ukushiya umfazi wakhe amthandayo, u-Chang'e, ngoko ke wamnika i-elixir ukuba ayigcine.

Ngenye imini, ngelixa uHou Yi wayengekho, indoda engendawo egama linguFeng Meng yazama ukuba i-elixir. Ukuyinqanda ukuba ingaweli kwizandla ezingalunganga, uChang'e wasela i-elixir ngokwakhe kwaye wenyuka waya enyangeni, apho waba nguthixokazi weNyanga. Ebuhlungu, uHou Yi wayejonga inyanga rhoqo ebusuku, enethemba lokujonga umfazi wakhe. Eli bali lichukumisayo lothando kunye nokuzincama likhunjulwa ngexesha loMnyhadala waseNkwindla, nabantu banikezela ngeemoncakes zenyanga kunye nezinye izinto eziphathwayo kuChang'e ngembeko yakhe.

Umvundla weJade

Enye intsomi edumileyo eyayanyaniswa noMnyhadala weMid-Autumn yileyo yoMvundla weJade. Ngokwale ntsomi, abantu abathathu abangafiyo abazenze abangqibi baya kumvundla, impungutye kunye nenkawu, becela ukutya. Ngelixa impungutye nenkawu bezibonelela ngako konke abanako, umvundla, ekubeni ungenanto unokunikela ngayo, watsibela emlilweni ukuze uzincame. Bachukunyiswa kukungazingci komvundla, abangasekhoyo bawuvusa baza bawuthumela enyangeni, apho waba nguJade Rabbit, iqabane likaChang'e. Umvundla weJade udla ngokuboniswa ukungquba imifuno ngodaka kunye nepestle, umqondiso wenkonzo yawo yanaphakade.

Ukuzivelela kwezithethe nezithethe

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, uMnyhadala we-Mid-Autumn uye wavela, ubandakanya amasiko ahlukeneyo kunye nezithethe ezibonisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko yemimandla apho ibhiyozelwa khona. Ngoxa ukunqulwa kwenyanga nokubhiyozelwa kwesivuno kuseyimixholo ephambili, lo mthendeleko ukwalixesha lokuhlanganisana kwentsapho, izidlo, neentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuzonwabisa.

Iimoncakes

Enye yezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zoMnyhadala we-Mid-Autumn yi-mooncake. La maqebengwana angqukuva, ahlala ezaliswe ngokuzaliswa okuswiti okanye okunencasa, ngokwesiko kwabelwana ngawo phakathi kosapho kunye nabahlobo njengophawu lomanyano kunye nokuphelela. Isithethe sokutya iimocakes saqala ngeYuan Dynasty (1271-1368 CE), xa zazisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa imiyalezo eyimfihlo ngexesha lemvukelo nxamnye nolawulo lwamaMongol. Namhlanje, ii-mooncakes ziza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeencasa kunye nezitayile, ezibonisa izinto ezikhethwayo zengingqi kunye nezinto ezintsha zokupheka.

Izibane

Izibane ngomnye umba obalulekileyo woMnyhadala ophakathi kokwindla. Mandulo, abantu babekhanyisa izibane ukuze bakhokele imimoya yezinyanya zabo nokufuzisela ithemba lekamva eliqaqambileyo. Namhlanje, ukuboniswa kwezibane kunye neeparades zixhaphakile, abantwana bahlala bephethe izibane ezimibalabala kwiimilo kunye nokuyilwa. Kweminye imimandla, izibane zesibhakabhaka ziyakhutshwa, zenza umbono omangalisayo wezibane ezidadayo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku.

Ukujonga iNyanga

Ukujonga inyanga sisithethe esixabisekileyo ngexesha loMnyhadala waseNkwindla. Iintsapho zidibana ngaphandle ukuze zibukele inyanga epheleleyo, ehlala ikhatshwa zizicengcelezo zemibongo, umculo kunye nokubaliswa kwamabali. Umkhwa wokujonga inyanga umiliselwe ngokunzulu kuncwadi nakwimizobo yamaTshayina, kukho iimbongi ezininzi ezidumileyo namagcisa afumana inkuthazo kubuhle benyanga nomfuziselo.

Iiyantlukwano zeNgingqi

Ngelixa izinto eziphambili zoMnyhadala we-Mid-Autumn zikwabelwana ngazo kwi-East Asia, iinguqu zengingqi zongeza iincasa ezizodwa kwimibhiyozo. Ngokomzekelo, eVietnam, umthendeleko ubizwa ngokuba yi-Tết Trung Thu kwaye ugxininise ngakumbi kubantwana, kunye nemigudu ye-lantern ecacileyo kunye nemidanso yeengonyama. EKorea, lo mnyhadala ubizwa ngokuba yiChuseok kwaye uphawulwa ngamasiko ookhokho, imidlalo yesintu, kunye nokulungiswa kokutya okukhethekileyo okufana nengoma (amaqebengwana erayisi).

Imibhiyozo yale mihla

Kumaxesha angoku, uMnyhadala waseMbindi-Ekwindla uyaqhubekeka ukuba ngumbhiyozo odlamkileyo nonentsingiselo, odibanisa izithethe zamandulo kunye neemvakalelo zangoku. Ukongeza kwizithethe zemveli, kuye kwavela iindlela ezintsha zokuzonwabisa kunye nezinto ezenziwayo, ezifana neendibano zocweyo zokwenza i-mooncake, umboniso wenkcubeko, kunye neziganeko zasekuhlaleni. Lo mnyhadala ukwafumene ukuqondwa kumazwe ngamazwe, nemibhiyozo eyenzeka kumazwe ahlukeneyo anoluntu olubalulekileyo lwaseMpuma Asia.

UMnyhadala wase-Mid-Autumn usebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka okungapheliyo kosapho, uluntu kunye nelifa lenkcubeko. Lixesha lokucingisisa ngezinto ezadlulayo, sibhiyozele okwangoku, sijonge phambili kwikamva ngethemba nombulelo. Enoba ngokwabelana ngeemoncakes, ukukhanyiswa kwezibane, okanye isenzo nje esilula sokujonga inyanga, lo mbhiyozo uhlanganisa abantu ngomoya womanyano novuyo.

Ukuqukumbela

I-Mid-Autumn Festival ibubungqina belifa lenkcubeko ecebileyo kunye nezithethe ezihlala zihlala e-East Asia. Imvelaphi yayo, engene nzulu kwimbali nakwintsomi, inika umbono obangel’ umdla kwimilinganiselo neenkolelo zempucuko yamandulo. Njengoko umnyhadala uqhubeka uvela, uhlala ulithuba elixabisekileyo lokuhlangana kwakhona kosapho, ukubonakaliswa kwenkcubeko, kunye nombhiyozo woluntu. Ngokuqonda imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka koMnyhadala we-Mid-Autumn Festival, sinokubuxabisa ubunzulu kunye nobuhle besi siko esingaphelelwa lixesha, kunye neendlela eziqhubeka ngayo ukuhlanganisa abantu kwizizukulwana kunye neenkcubeko.